Real Estate News

Understanding All Costs When Buying a Home: Beyond the Down Payment

Written by Alison Stanton | 9/12/24 6:45 PM

As a real estate professional, you want to do everything in your power to help your clients have a positive experience when buying a house. One effective way to do this is to make sure your clients understand all of the costs that are commonly associated with purchasing a home.

For instance, while a lot of emphasis is placed on a down payment – your clients might have already told you about how they’ve been saving for their down payment for years – there are many overlooked yet crucial costs involved with buying a property.

Down Payment 101

There’s a good reason why potential home buyers focus so much on a down payment: It’s probably the most common and well-known up-front expense. In a nutshell, a down payment is a lump sum of money that a buyer will “put down” on the home in order to to buy it. In general, the larger a down payment is, the lower the home loan amount will be for your client.

How to Determine the Down Payment Amount

Many people believe that they need to have a down payment of 20%, and this is mostly true for conventional mortgages obtained through banks or credit unions. Understandably, this can cause many potential home buyers to wonder if they will ever be able to save up enough money to purchase a property. For instance, a 20% down payment on a home listed for $450,000 comes up to $90,000, which is not exactly a small or easy amount of money to save up.

Fortunately, down payments can sometimes be as low as 3% of the listed price of the home. In most cases, it’s not a number that is pulled out of thin air, but is determined by the type of loan program your client is using. In general, a conventional loan program can require a 3% down payment (depending on the lender). A loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) often requires 3.5% down. If your client qualifies for a loan backed by the Veterans Administration or the United States Department of Agriculture might not requires any down payment. 

Is a Lower Down Payment Always Better?

Learning that the 20% down payment requirement may be off the table can be a huge relief to your client. At the same time, there are definitely pros and cons to this news.

Let’s start with the possible benefits:

  • Saving up a smaller amount may seem less overwhelming. Using the $450,000 price again, a 3% down payment, or $13,500, might not seem as Herculean a savings challenge as $90,000.

  • A lower down payment can mean your client will have more available money to cover additional costs associated with buying a home (more on this later).

  • Your client may be able to buy a home a lot sooner. With housing values on the rise, a lower down payment could allow your client to buy a home sooner rather than later, and potentially secure a better price.

And now, the cons:

  • A lower down payment means your client’s loan amount – and monthly mortgage payment – will be higher.

  • A higher loan amount means your client will also pay more in interest over the life of the loan.

  • Your client will have to get mortgage insurance, which is required when a buyer has less than 20% equity in the home.

Understanding Additional Closing Costs

Now that we’ve looked at down payments and what they entail, it’s time to move onto other costs that are associated with buying a home, starting with closing costs.

Closing costs are one of those terms that many buyers have probably heard before – especially if they have watched any shows on television about buying a home – but they might not be able to define it, or understand how much they might want to have set aside.

What are Closing Costs?

As the name implies, “closing costs” is a blanket term that refers to additional fees to be paid when your client signs their name on the dotted line and finalizes the mortgage. The closing costs are in addition to the down payment.

Like the down payment requirement, specific closing costs are often determined by the type of loan program your client has qualified for. They are often around 3% to 6% of the total loan amount.

Closing costs on a home can include:

  • Home appraisal: The lender will arrange for a home appraisal to find out the value of the property, and to help determine that your clients are not paying too much for a home.

  • Application fee: Some loan programs charge a fee to process the loan.

  • Attorney fees: Some states require a real estate attorney handle the closing and home title transfer. If your clients live in one of these states, the attorney’s fee will be part of the closing costs.

  • Discount points: Loan companies will often let home buyers pay for a lower interest rate through discount points. These aren't a factor in all closing costs, but they can appeal to home buyers who want a lower interest rate on their loan.

  • Flood certification fee: If the home is in a flood zone, your clients will need to pay this fee. Fortunately, it’s not usually too much – around $20 or so – but it’s good to be aware of it depending on where the home is located.

  • Loan origination fee: This fee is paid to the lender and covers the expense of underwriting and processing the loan, as well as the mountain of paperwork your client will sign at closing. The origination fee is usually around 1% of the loan's value.

  • Property tax: This expense is usually part of the closing costs. The exact amount owed is determined by the tax due date and date of closing. In some cases, it might be possible to negotiate with the seller and ask them to cover this amount at closing.

  • Title search fee: When buying a home, you want to be completely certain that the person selling it truly owns the property. A title search will help accomplish this; it looks for things like unpaid taxes, liens or bankruptcies associated with the property.

Extra Home-Buying Costs

We’ve covered the down payment, and closing costs. But as the saying goes, “But wait, that’s not all.” Let’s finish up by looking at several more costs associated with buying a home.

HOA Fees

If your clients have fallen in love with a home in a planned neighborhood or community, they may have to pay a homeowners association fee. This HOA fee might be assessed monthly, bi-annually or annually and covers the following:

  • Community amenities like pools and playgrounds
  • Landscaping, including grass, shrubs and trees in common areas
  • Repairs to common areas
  • Community events like holiday parties, barbecues or ice cream socials

If your clients’  new home has an HOA fee, knowing how much it is and when the next payment is due will be helpful for their financial planning.

Private Mortgage Insurance

As mentioned earlier, if your clients are buying a home with less than 20% down, they will need to buy private mortgage insurance. In most cases, it will be added to the monthly mortgage payment.

Homeowners Insurance

Before they get the keys to their new place, your clients will need to provide proof of homeowners insurance. In some cases, this amount is added to the monthly mortgage bill, with funds directed to an escrow account for that purpose.

Other Costs to Consider

Other costs, fees and bills that are part of buying a home include things like:

  • Home maintenance and repair: While reaquired inspections should have turned up anything that needed fixing, it’s a good idea for people to have some money set aside for unexpected repairs.

  • Pest control: Inspections would also cover any termite damage. In this case, the seller is responsible for both damage repair and treatment. However, if additional creepy crawlies turn up in and around the home, your clients may wish to start a regular pest control service.

  • Property tax, take 2: While the current amount of property tax due is usually part of the closing costs, your clients will be continue paying for it. If they put less than 20% down on the property, that tax payment will be part of their monthly mortgage amount, which is directed to an escrow account.

Being Proactive, and Realistic, About the Costs of Buying a Home

It may seem overwhelming at first to realize that a lot more than a down payment is required to get that coveted set of keys. But rather than being unpleasantly surprised along the way, taking a proactive approach can really help. 

Ask your clients if they're aware of the extra costs involved wtih buying a home and if they know the down payment they want to put down. With that information, you'll be able to successfully guide your clients through one of the most exciting and rewarding times of their lives.

Whether you're a Realtor or property investor, Property Reach can help you select that perfect property through insights, comp reports, nationwide data access and more. For more information or to sign up for your free, seven-day trial, visit the Property Reach website.